Definition:
A genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of an enzyme called glucose -6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood, which is necessary for the healthy and proper functioning of red blood cells.
Causes
G6PD deficiency is caused by the inheritance of a defective gene from a parent. This is linked to the X- chromosome.
The deficiency leads to breakdown of red blood cells' prematurely resulting in haemolytic anemia.
The condition is triggered by:
Infections- bacterial or viral infections
Certain medicines like antimalarial drugs Eg: Primaquine and Chloroquine
Certain foods like fava beans
High dose of intravenous vitamin C.
Risk factors include
Gender - More likely among boys
Family history.
Symptoms:
rapid heart rate
shortness of breath
urine that is dark or yellow-orange
fever
fatigue
dizziness
paleness
jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
Diagnosis:
Check G6PD enzyme levels.
Complete blood count,
Serum hemoglobin test,
Reticulocyte count.
Treatment:
Treatment for G6PD deficiency consists of removing the trigger that is causing symptoms.
If the condition was triggered by an infection, then the underlying infection is treated accordingly.
Any current medications that may be destroying red blood cells are also discontinued.
Once G6PD deficiency has progressed to hemolytic anemia, however, more aggressive treatment may be required. This sometimes includes oxygen therapy and a blood transfusion to replenish oxygen and red blood cell levels.
Commonly Asked Question.
Write a short note on Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency.