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Renin Angiotensin Mechanism.

General reactions of Amino Acid Metabolism.

 

Introduction:

  • Nitrogen metabolism is one of the most important processes in amino acid synthesis.

  • Remember an Amino acid is an organic molecule containing both acidic and a basic group.

  • The general reactions of Amino Acid Metabolism include,

    • Transamination.

    • Deamination.

    • Decarboxylation.

  1. Transamination:

  • When an amine group is attached to an amino acid, the amino acid is transformed into a keto acid (an amino acid without an amine group), resulting in the formation of two new amino acids.The reaction is called transamination.

  • When amino acids are reversibly aminated and deaminated, the amino group is redistributed among the amino acids, which is known as transamination.

  • Transaminases (aminotransferases) are a type of enzyme found throughout the body, particularly in the heart, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle.

  • The reaction generally occurs as follows,

  • Associated Enzymes:

    1. Transaminase or an Aminotransferase.

    2. L-amino acids are hydrolyzed by enzymes, but D-isomers are not, they are specific to certain prokaryotes.

    3. The mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes are separate.

2. Deamination

  • Removal of amino group. 

  • Carried out by the liver.

  • Breaks down the amino acids. 

  • Ammonia is produced by eliminating the amino group from amino acids. 

  • Carbon and hydrogen form the rest of amino acids, which are recycled or oxidized for energy. 

  • In the urea cycle, enzymes convert ammonia to urea and uric acid by combining that ammonia with carbon dioxide molecules.

  • Uric acid and urea are excreted through the urine.

3. Decarboxylation

  • Removal of carboxyl group from amino acid, carbon dioxide gets liberated. 

  • Removal of a carbon atom from a chain of carbons by a reaction of carboxylic acids. 

  • Enzyme: Decarboxylase

.

Commonly Asked Questions.

  1. Write in short about general reactions involved in the amino acid metabolism.
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