Skip to main content

Renin Angiotensin Mechanism.

V Cone Blender.

 

Principle:

  • It's a “Tumbling Mixer”.

  • It works on the mechanism of Diffusive Mixing.

Construction:

  •  Also called “Twin Shell Blender”.

  • It consists of two vessels which are attached at the ends at 70 to90 degree angle as shown in the figure.

  • It is made up of stainless steel or complete plastic.

  • The blender is mounted on a metal frame on which it can be rotated.

  • Sometimes baffles are attached inside for thorough mixing.

  • The openings are used as inlet ports while it is unloaded through the discharge port at the bottom.

Working:

  • The materials to be mixed are introduced to the mixer through one of the ports.

  • The mixer is loaded approximately two thirds of the volume to allow tumbling of the powders.

  • When the mixer is started, it rotates along the axis and when the V is inverted, the material splits into two portions and undergoes tumbling.

  • The tumbling movement during rotations causes mixing.

  • The speed of the mixer plays an important role in the mixing,

    • If rotations are slow: Mixing will not take place as materials will just glide over one another.

    • If rotations are very fast it will cause generation of centrifugal forces hence powders will remain adhered to the walls and hence no mixing will take place.

    • For better results the V cone blender needs to be operated at an optimum speed.

Uses:

  1. For mixing a variety of powders and granules.

Advantages:

  1. Minimum attrition and hence good for fragile granules.

  2. Easy to clean, load and unload.

  3. Minimum maintenance cost.

  4. Available in different sizes.

Disadvantages:

  1. More space is required.

  2. No application of shear and hence not useful for materials with large particle size distribution.

  3. Suitable for free flowing powders and granules only.

Commonly Asked Questions:

  1. Define Mixing. With help of a diagram describe the principle, construction and working of the V Cone Blender.

  2. Write a short note on V Cone Blender.
Labels:

Popular posts from this blog

Heat Exchangers and Heat Interchangers.

  In pharmaceutical industries many types of equipments are used for transfer of heat, they can be classified as follows, Heat Exchangers. Heat Interchangers. Heat Exchangers: These devices are used for transferring heat from a fluid (Hot Gas or Steam) to another fluid (Liquid) through a metal wall. Heat Interchangers: These devices are used for transferring heat from a One liquid to another liquid or one gas to another gas through a metal wall. HEAT EXCHANGERS; The equipment used for heat transferring are known as heat exchangers. Some of the processes that involves heat transfer in pharmaceutical industries are: Preparation of starch paste (in steam jacketed kettle). Crystallization. Evaporation. Distillation.  Classification of heat exchangers On the basis of transfer of heat, heat exchangers are classified as: Direct transfer type:  The hot and cold fluids are separated by a metal wall through which the heat is transferred from hot fluid to cold fluid. E.g. shell and ...
Read more

Rate of Drying Curve.

  Definition Drying is defined as the removal of liquid from a product usually with application of heat. Rate of Drying Curve. Drying process can be divided into three periods Initial Adjustment Period. Constant drying rate period. First falling drying rate period. Second falling rate period. Initial Adjustment Period (A-B): Also called the “ Heating up” period . In this period the substance gets heat and increases in temperature. Drying has not yet started. Constant drying rate period (B-C): During this period the temperature of the solid and the rate of drying remain constant. The moisture evaporating from the surface is replaced by water diffusing from the interior of the solid at a rate equal t o the rate of evaporation.  The moisture content at the end of constant rate (point C) is referred to as the critical moisture content (CMC).  At CMC, dry spots start appearing and drying rate starts falling . First falling drying rate period (C-D): This period is also called ...
Read more

Glycogenesis.

  Definition: Biosynthesis of Glycogen from Glucose is called Glycogenesis. Glycogen is synthesized  Depending on the demand for glucose and ATP (energy), insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen. Glycogen is the major storage form of carbohydrate in animals similar to starch in plants. It is a homopolymer made up of repeated units of α- D glucose and each molecule is linked to another by 1→4 glycosidic bonds . Once there is a chain consisting of 8 to 10 glycosidic residues in the glycogen fragment, branching begins by 1→6 linkages . Glycogen is stored in liver and skeletal muscles. Location: Cytoplasm of cells in the muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Steps Involved in Glycogenesis: Glucose is converted into glucose-6-phosphate by the action of glucokinase or hexokinase  with conversion of ATP to ADP. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted into glucose-1-phosphate by the action of phosphoglucomutase. Glucose-1-phosphate is converted into UDP-glucose by the actio...
Read more