The pancreas is a long, slender organ, most of which is located posterior to the bottom half of the stomach.
Although the pancreas has a main exocrine function some part of it also has endocrine function.
Alpha, Beta, Delta and PP cells of Islets of Langerhans of Pancreas have endocrine functionality.
Cells and Secretions of the Pancreatic Islets
The pancreatic islets each contain four varieties of cells:
The alpha cell :
Produces the hormone glucagon and makes up approximately 20 percent of each islet.
Glucagon increases blood glucose levels; low blood glucose levels stimulate its release.
The beta cell :
Produces the hormone Insulin and makes up approximately 75 percent of each islet.
Insulin decreases blood glucose levels; high blood glucose levels stimulate its release.
The Delta cell:
Produces the hormone Somatostatin and makes up approximately 4 percent of each islet.
Somatostatin is also released by hypothalamus as GHIH (Growth hormone releasing hormone) and gastric mucosa.
Pancreatic somatostatin inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon.
The PP cell (F Cell):
Secretes a hormone Pancreatic Polypeptide, and accounts for only 1 percent of the islet.
Pancreatic polypeptide hormone regulates exocrine as well as endocrine functions of pancreas.
It also regulates appetite and is released during fasting.
Disorders of pancreas
Diabetes mellitus:
It is caused due to deficiency or absence of insulin.
It leads to high blood glucose level and glucose comes in the urine (glycosuria).
Symptoms of diabetes mellitus are polyuria (excessive urine production), Polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyphagia (excessive eating).
Commonly Asked Question.
Write a note on Diabetes mellitus.
Write a short note on “Endocrine Pancreas” and the hormones secreted by it.