Renal Calculi:
It is a common disorder of the urinary system characterized by severe renal colic pain in the groin region usually associated with urinary urgency, hematuria, perspiration and vomiting sensation due to formation of mineral stones in the kidney or other parts of the urinary system.
Common calculus (Crystals) are;
Calcium oxalate.
Uric Acid.
Calcium Phosphate.
Causes: Precipitation of mineral salts in urine forming crystals.
Highly acidic or alkaline urine.
High calcium intake.
Low water consumption.
Hyperactivity of “Parathyroid Glands”
Treatment:
Diuretics (to increase urine output)
NSAIDs or Opioids (Pain management)
Citrate and magnesium (Salt formation inhibitors)
Tamsulosin (Alpha adrenergic blocker)
Lithotripsy
Surgery.
Urinary Tract Infection:
This term is used to describe the presence of a large number of bacterias in urine or infection of the part or parts of the urinary system.
Common in females. (Due to smaller urethra).
Symptoms:
Burning sensation during micturition.
Fever
Low back pain
Depending on site of infection they are termed as,
Pyelonephritis: Inflammation of Kidney.
Cystitis: Inflammation of Urinary bladder.
Urethritis: Inflammation of Urethra.
Uretritis: Inflammation of Ureter.
Treatment:
Antimicrobial compounds: Sulphonamides.
Antibiotics: Penicillins, fluoroquinolones etc.
Glomerulonephritis:
It is defined as inflammation of glomerulus of the kidneys and is characterized by presence of blood, proteins and lipids in urine.
Symptoms:
Pink or cola-colored urine from red blood cells in urine (hematuria)
Foamy urine due to excess protein (proteinuria)
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Fluid retention (oedema) with swelling evident in your face, hands, feet and abdomen.
Causes:
High blood pressure.
Diabetic nephropathy.
Infections (Viral and Bacterial)
Immunological disorders.
Kidney Failure:
Also called “Renal Failure”, characterized by reduction of glomerular filtration rate.
Two types,
Acute Renal Failure.
Chronic Renal Failure.
Commonly Asked Questions.
Write a short note on different disorders of the Urinary System.
Give symptoms and treatment for Glomerulonephritis and Renal Calculi.