Simple Pharmanotes

  Male sex gamete is called “ Sperm ”. It is haploid i.e. contains one set of chromosomes 23 chromosomes . The process of formation of sperms is called “ Spermatogenesis ”. Spermatogenesis takes place in seminiferous tubules of the testes . Around 300 Million sperms are produced every day in an adult male. They are stored and get matured in epididymis and are pushed in vas deferens during ejaculation . They can survive upto 2 days in the female reproductive tract . Length of a typical hum a n sperm is about 70 µm . Structurally they consist of following parts, Head . Neck . Mid piece ( Body ). Tail . Head : It is 4-5 µm long. It contains Acrosome , a specialized lysosome in vesicles and Nucleus . It also contains an enzyme necessary for fusion of nucleus with that of ovum after penetration. N e ck: It's a smaller part and contains “ Centriole ”. Mid piece ( Body ): The body contains many mitochondria which generate ATPs required for sperm movement. Tail : It

  Male ejaculate is called “ Semen ”. Composition : It is a mixture of sperm and secretion of seminal vesicles , prostate and cowper’s gland . The bulk of semen (60%) is formed by secretion of Seminal vesicles . Volume : Each ejaculation contains approximately 2.5 ml to 5 ml of semen ( 50-150 Million Sperm s). Oligospermia (Low Sperm Count): 15 million sperm per millilitre of seme n. Azoospermia : Complete absence of sperms in semen. Appearance : Color : White-Milky Whit e. Consistency: Viscous sticky . p H : 7.2-7. 7. The color of semen is due to prostatic secretions while c onsistency and stickiness is due to cowper's gland and seminal vesicle secretions . Semen contains many different chemicals viz. Hormones, nutrients and other compounds. Fructose present in semen acts as a source of energy for sperm. Seminalplasmin, an antibacterial substance found in semen prevents it from microbial attack from the flora of the pathway that is in male urethra and female reproduc

  Introduction. Reproduction is the ability of an individual to produce a new individual, and is considered as one of vital signs of living organisms, Human life starts when a male gamete called “ Sperm ” fuses with a female gamete called “ Ovum ” to form a single cell called “ Zygote ”. Male and female reproductive organs are called “ Gonads ” they are responsible for production of sex hormones and gametes . The medical specialty which deals with the male reproductive system and urological problems found only in men is called “ Andrology ”. Male reproductive system Male reproductive system is divided into internal organs and external organs . External Organs include, Penis . Scrotum . Testes . Internal Organs include, Vas deferens Seminal vesicles Ejaculatory ducts . Prostate gland , Cowper’s Gland ( Bulbourethral gland .) Urethra . Penis: The penis is the male organ of copulation (sexual intercourse).  It is flaccid for non-sexual actions , such as urinati