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Renin Angiotensin Mechanism.

Blood Plasma

 Blood Plasma.

Introduction:

  • Blood is a fluid connective tissue made of two components Plasma and Blood Cells.

  • Blood performs many important functions in the body like, transportation, regulation and protection.

  • Blood is thick in appearance and has a temperature slightly higher than body temp. and pH is 7.4.

Plasma:

  • It is a straw colored liquid made up of 92% water and 8% dissolved or suspended substances.

  • The dissolved or suspended substances include;

    • Plasma Proteins.

    • Dissolved minerals.

    • Gases.

    • Nutrients.

    • Hormones.

Plasma Proteins:

  • They constitute around 7% of the plasma.

  • They are responsible for “Osmotic Pressure” of the blood which keeps the components in plasma in circulation.

  • All plasma proteins except immunoglobulins are formed in the liver.

  1. Albumins:

  • They constitute around 60% of total plasma proteins.

  • Their main function is to create and maintain osmotic pressure.

  • They also provide binding sites for drugs, hormones and steroids.

  1. Globulins:

  • Also known as “Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)”.

  • They are synthesized by Lymphocytes.

  • They have an important role in immunity that is in protection.

  • They also provide binding sites to certain hormones and minerals.

Clotting Factors:

  • The chemicals involved in coagulation of blood are known as clotting factors.

  • Most common clotting factor is fibrinogen.

  • The plasma from which clotting factors are removed is called “Serum”.

Electrolytes:

  • The pH of blood is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45 (slightly alkaline) by an ongoing complicated series of chemical activities, involving buffering systems.

  • The electrolytes dissolved in plasma have a variety of functions.

Nutrients:

  • The nutrients absorbed from digestive tracts are present in plasma from where they are transported to various cells.

  • Nutrients mainly include glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and vitamins.

Waste products:

  • Urea, creatinine and uric acid are the waste products of protein metabolism. 

  • They are formed in the liver and carried in the blood to the various sites for excretion.

Hormones:

  • The products of Endocrine glands are poured directly in the blood.

  • Blood transports hormones to their respective target organs.

Gases:

  • Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are transported around the body dissolved in plasma.

  • Oxygen is bound to Hemoglobin while most of the Carbon dioxide is available as dissolved bicarbonate ions.

  • Nitrogen is available in dissolved form but has no physiological role.

Commonly Asked Questions.

  1. Write a note on blood plasma.

  2. Write a note on plasma proteins.
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