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Renin Angiotensin Mechanism.

Systems of the Human Body.

 Introduction to the Human Body: Systems of the Human Body.

Introduction:

  • Human beings are the most complex of all the living organisms.

  • Human body contains many organs which work in an organized manner for an efficient working of the human body.

  • The study of human body is divided broadly in two divisions,

    • Anatomy

    • Physiology.

  • Human Anatomy is the branch of science that deals with the study of structures of different body parts.

  • Human Physiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of functions of different body parts.

Human Anatomy: Study of Structure.

Human Physiology: Study Of Functions.

Systems of the Human Body:

  1. Integumentary System:

  • Organs:

  • Skin

  • Subcutaneous tissue.

  • Hair

  • Nails

  • Sweat Glands.

  • Sebaceous Glands.

  • Functions:

  • Protection: Is a barrier to pathogens and chemicals.

  •  Prevents excessive water loss.

  • Helps maintain normal body temperature.

  • Excretion.

2) Skeletal System.:

  • Organs:

    • Bones

    • Ligaments.

  • Functions:

    • Supports the body 

    • Protects internal organs and red bone marrow 

    • Provides a framework to be moved by muscles.

3) Lymphatic System.

  • Organs:

    • Spleen, 

    • Lymph nodes

    • Lymph Vessels.

    • Thymus

    • Tonsils.

  • Functions:

    • Returns tissue fluid to the blood 

    • Destroys pathogens that enter the body and provides immunity

    • Transports lipids from GIT to blood.

4) Digestive System

  • Organs:

    • Mouth,

    • Pharynx,

    • Oesophagus,

    • Stomach, 

    • Small intestine,

    • Colon, 

    • Liver, 

    • Gallbladder,

    • Pancreas,

    • Salivary Glands.

  • Functions:

    • Changes food to simple chemicals that can be absorbed and used by the body.

    • Elimination of solid waste.

5) Respiratory System:

  • Organs:

    • Nose,

    • Pharynx,

    • Larynx,

    • Trachea,

    • Bronchi,

    • Lungs,

    • Diaphragm.

  • Functions:

    • Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood.

    • Regulate acid base balance of body fluids.

    • Sound production through vocal cord.

6) Muscular System:

  • Organs:

    • Muscles, 

    • Tendons.

  • Functions:

    • Moves the skeleton .

    • Produces heat.

    • Heat generation.

7) Nervous System: 

  • Organs:

    • Brain,

    • Spinal cord,

    • Nerves.

  • Functions:

    • Interprets sensory information,

    • Regulates body functions such as movement by means of electrochemical impulses.

    • Maintains homeostasis (Keeps everything normal: All is Well).

8) Cardiovascular System: 

  • Organs:

    • Heart,

    • Blood Vessels.

  • Functions:

    •  Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste products.

    • Blood as Transport system of the body.

    • Defense.

    • Acid Base, Temperature and water content balance of the body.

9) Endocrine System:

  • Organs:

    • Pituitary Gland.

    • Thyroid Gland.

    • Adrenal Gland,

    • Gonads: Testes, Ovaries

    • Pineal Gland.

  • Functions:

    •  Regulates body functions such as growth and reproduction by means of hormones 

    • Regulates day-to-day metabolism by means of hormones.

10) Urinary System.:

  • Organs:

    • |Kidneys, 

    • Urinary bladder, 

    • Urethra.

  • Functions:

    • Removes waste products from the blood.

    • Regulates volume and pH of blood and tissue fluid.

    • Maintains mineral balance of the body.

    • Forms, stores and eliminates urine.

11) Reproductive System:

  • Organs:

    • Female: Ovaries, Uterus, Vagina,.

    • Male: Testes, Vas deferens, Penis , Prostate gland, Seminal Vesicles.

  • Functions:

    • Produces eggs or sperm.

    • In women, provides a site for the developing embryo-fetus.

    • Produces sex hormones.

Commonly Asked Questions:

  1. Write in short about different systems of human body.
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