Introduction to Human Body: Levels of Structural Organizations.

 

Introduction:

• Human beings are the most complex of all the living organisms.

• Human body contains many organs which work in an organized manner for an efficient working of the human body.

• The study of human body is divided broadly in two divisions,

• Anatomy

• Physiology.

• Human Anatomy is the branch of science that deals with the study of structures of different body parts.

• Human Physiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of functions of different body parts.

Human Anatomy: Study of Structure.

Human Physiology: Study Of Functions.

Levels of Structural Organizations:

• All processes in the human body are controlled and maintained by structural organizations.

• These structural organizations start from simple and grow complex.

• There are basic Six types of structural organizations of the body,

• Chemical Level.

• Cellular Level.

• Tissue Level

• Organ Level

• System Level

• Organism Level

1. Chemical Level:

• The most basic level of organization.

• It includes atoms which is the smallest unit of matter,

• Two or more atoms come together to form molecules of the chemicals.

• The chemicals in the body are divided into two Inorganic chemicals and organic chemicals.

• The organic molecules viz. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are crucial for life.

• Different chemical molecules come together and form the next level of organization i.e. cellular level.

2. Cellular Level:

• Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

• Different chemical molecules come together to form a cell.

• Human body contains different varieties of cells each having different structure and function e.g. Epithelial cells, muscular cells etc.

• Cells with similar structure and function comes together to form next structural organization i.e. “Tissue Level”.

3. Tissue Level:

• A group of cells having similar structure and function is called a “Tissue”.

• A human body is made up of four basic tissues:

• Epithelial tissue.

• Connective Tissue.

• Muscular Tissue.

• Nervous Tissue.

• Different tissues come together to form next level of structural organization i.e. “Organ Level”.

4. Organ Level:

• Different tissues come together to form an organ.

• An organ is a structure with recognisable shape and contains two or more types of tissues performing specific functions.

• E.g. Stomach, Kidney, Lungs, Heart etc.

• Different organs come together to form next level of structural organization i.e. “System Level”.

5. System Level:

• A group of organs come together to form a system.

• The organs of a system perform a physiological function of the body.

• There are main 11 systems of the human body,

1. Integumentary System.

2. Skeletal System.

3. Lymphatic System.

4. Digestive System

5. Respiratory System.

6. Muscular System.

7. Nervous System.

8. Cardiovascular System.

9. Endocrine System

10. Urinary System.

11. Reproductive System.

• The systems come together to form the last level of structural organization i.e. “Organism Level”.

6) Organism Level:

• It is the complex and top most level of the structural organization.

• All systems come together to form a complete organism i.e. Human body.

• The organism is capable to perform many vital functions crucial to carry out the process of life.

Commonly asked questions:

1. Write a short note on "Structural organization of Human Body".