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Renin Angiotensin Mechanism.

Review of Sterilization Processes

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Dry Heat Sterilization:


Method

Mechanism of Action

Instrument / Chemical Used

Temperature

Applications

Red Heat

Burning of contaminants

Bunsen Burner

Till red hot

Inoculating loops, forceps, 

Incineration

Burning to ashes

Bunsen burner or any other

Suitable temperature

Contaminated dressings, Dead bodies, bags.


Hot air sterilization

Oxidation

Hot air oven

160°C for 2 hrs.

Instruments, needles, glassware, sealed materials like oils, dry powders etc.


Moist Heat Sterilization.


Method

Mechanism of Action

Instrument / Chemical Used

Temperature

Applications

Below 100°C

Denaturation of proteins

Waterbath

65 to 75°C for 10 min

Serum, body fluids and vaccines.

At 100°C

Denaturation of proteins

Waterbath

100°C for 10 to 20 min


Glass, metal and rubber items.

Above 100°C 

Denaturation of proteins

Autoclave

121°C for 15 min

Culture media, surgical dressings, equipment, solutions.

Sterilization by Radiation


Method

Mechanism of Action

Instrument / Chemical Used

Dose

Applications

Ionizing Radiations

Destruction of Nuclear Material

Cobalt60 (X Rays, Gamma Rays)

2.5 Mrad

Packaged food, antibiotics, hormones, sutures, plastic syringes, stents etc.

Non Ionizing Radiations

Damage of Nuclear Material

UV lamps, UV units.

250 -260 nm wavelength for 30 mins

Hospital rooms, Operation theaters, Laboratories

Gaseous Sterilization


Method

Mechanism of Action

Instrument / Chemical Used

Dose

Applications

Ethylene Oxide

Destruction of proteins, enzymes and nuclear material

Ethylene oxide

44 mg / lit for 24 hrs or 88 mg / lit for 2 hrs

Medical and biological preparations, catgut, plastic equipment, antibiotics.

Formaldehyde

Destruction of proteins, enzymes and nuclear material

Formaldehyde

150 gm KMno4 in 280 ml of Formalin for 1000 cu feet of room.

Hospital rooms, Aseptic areas.

Sterilization by Filtration


Method

Mechanism of Action

Instrument / Chemical Used

Pore Size

Applications

Filtration

Separation of microbes from liquids

Membrane Filter assembly

0.45 microns
0.22 microns

For sterilizing liquids, enzymes, vitamins, vaccines.
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