Simple Pharmanotes

How to prepare for GPAT? If you are reading this article means you have decided to attempt the GPAT. Well here I will be explaining step by step how to prepare for the same, so let's start. 1) Prepare your mindset: Yes this is the most important step. Tell your mind that "I am going to appear and crack GPAT no matter what?" Keep yourself away from negative people. Forget everything and concentrate only on the study now. 2) Procurement of Study Material: Well without weapons how can you fight right? Most of the students I have seen started this step by running behind seniors for the collection of so-called NOTES. Well I am strictly against this, instead, I strongly recommend READING and Healthy GROUP DISCUSSION. 3) List of books:   Pharmaceutics: Leon Lachman is the most widely used book and most referred for the exam. Do all the chapters, starting from Milling, mixing to semisolid dosage forms. All the tables of Lachman are i...

GPAT Test Series: Test No. 6   Instructions: Please add your name and valid email id, both are compulsory. Try to attempt all questions. After completion don't forget to press "SUBMIT" button. You can attempt the test minimum for 5 times. Total questions are 25. Total test carries 50 marks. Loading...

NSAIDs Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs. The pharmacological agents which relieve pain lower elevated body temperature and also produces an  anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting an enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) are known as analgesic-antipyretic or NSAIDs. NSAIDs as name indicate lack steroidal nucleus and hence also lack side effects of steroids and hence are safer for use to relieve minor pains. Mechanism of action of NSAIDs- Any injury to cell cause rupture of cell membrane causing a release of Arachidonic Acid which is a component of the cell membrane. The released Arachidonic acid is get converted to the Prostaglandins by actions of a group of enzymes called as "Cyclo-oxygenases". The formed prostaglandins cause "nociception" i.e. activation of pain stimulus. The formed prostaglandins get circulated through the blood to the hypothalamus and cause shifting of thermal conditions of the body on higher side by acting on...

Pharmaceutical Calculations

Structure of Proteins Proteins: Proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids. Amino Acids: Amino acids are biologically important organic compounds made from amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. Structure of Proteins: A protein function depends upon on its specific conformation. The primary structure of a protein is determined by the gene corresponding to the protein. In molecular biology, protein structure describes the various levels of organization of protein molecules, which includes:- • Primary structure Secondary structure Tertiary structure Quaternary structure Primary Structure The primary structure of proteins is the unique sequence of amino acids.   Secondary Structure The secondary structure of protein results from hydrogen bond at regular intervals along the polypeptide backbone. The typical shapes that develop from the secondary...